By contrast, the country’s second largest city, Lahore, capital of Punjab Province, contains only 7 per cent of Punjab’s total population. The city contains 62 per cent of Sindh’s urban population and 30 per cent of its total population.
Karachi’s relationship with the rest of Sindh is complex. ( 3) There are also powerful federal land-owning interests in the city in the form of the Karachi Port Trust, Port Qasim, customs, Civil Aviation Authority, railways and the armed forces and their various industrial and real estate activities. The city also generates 15 per cent of national GDP, 25 per cent of the revenues and 62 per cent of income tax. ( 2) 9 per cent of Pakistan’s total population and 24 per cent of the country’s urban population live in Karachi. Its estimated 2010 population of 15.4 million is projected to reach 18.04 million by 2015. ( 1) It is Pakistan’s largest city and its only port. According to results of the pre-census house count conducted in 2011, it is among the fastest growing megacities in the world – and perhaps the fastest growing if measured by the annual increment in the population.
Sindh is the south-eastern province and Karachi is its capital. Pakistan is a federation of four provinces.
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The paper ends with recommendations for land titling, for changes in transport policies, for better use of land already owned by government agencies, for cross-political party agreement on how to address serious security issues (that are leading to loss of investment) and for increased political effectiveness of Karachi’s active civil society organizations. Also explored are the connections among land, housing and transport (which include different processes of densification) and the complex politics involved. The paper describes the changes in formal and informal land markets over the last 50 years and the changing responses by government agencies to housing (and land for housing) issues. It also describes what underpins this – especially the political complications in a city that has grown so rapidly, has had fundamental changes in its ethnic composition (and thus also in its politics) and has attracted so many illegal immigrants. This paper describes the complex processes by which land is (formally and informally) made available for housing (and for commercial development), as well as who benefits – and how the low-income majority of Karachi citizens lose out. Karachi is one of the world’s fastest growing large cities.